Antacids: raise the luminal pH 4 to give a very sticky gel that adheres strongly to the base of ulcer craters.
Sodium Bicarbonate: Also known as baking soda. It works quickly to neutralize acid. It is the only useful water-soluble antacid. It acts rapidly but has a transient action and absorbed bicarbonate in high dose may cause systemic alkalosis.
Magnesium Hydroxide: Mg hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate are insoluble in water and have a fairly rapid action. Magnesium has a laxative effect and may cause diarrhea
Aluminum Hydroxide: has a relatively slower action. Aluminum ions form complexes with certain drugs (tetracyclines) and tend to cause constipation. Mixtures of magnesium and aluminum compounds may be used to minimize the effects of motility.
Aluminum and Magnesium: Aluminum salts dissolve slowly in the stomach and work gradually, providing longer-lasting relief. Magnesium salts act quickly to neutralize acids. The effects of aluminum and magnesium balance each other so well; these types of antacids have long been considered an excellent treatment for digestive upset. However, in recent years there have been questions about the long-term safety of taking aluminum, which may deplete the body of phosphorus and calcium, increasing the risk of weak bones.
Calcium Carbonate: Also known as chalk, it acts quickly and neutralizes acids for relatively long periods of time.
Antacid Overuse
Can affect absorption, bioavailability, or urinary excretion of other drugs by altering gastric and urinary pH or by delaying gastric emptying
Overuse can cause the following problems:
1. Aluminum hydroxide: Constipation and Hypophosphatemia, Osteomalacia
2. Magnesium Hydroxide: Diarrhea, Hypermagnesemia
3. Calcium Carbonate: Hypercalcemia, Rebound Acid ↑, Constipation, Renal Stones
4. Sodium Bicarbonate: Metabolic Alkalosis, Hypertension, Renal Failure
All Causes Hypokalemia
Do we have a Mnemonics for this? I have something for you!!!
Aluminum: AluMINIMUM amount of feces
Magnesium (MG): Must Go to the bathroom
Who says we can’t have our own mnemonics? LOLzZ Well, here we have:
Aluminum: (W)Ala Tae!
Magnesium; Magtatae!
Sharing knowledge can be so FUN!
Hope it can help!
ANTACIDS Related Questions:
A client says, “I take ½ teaspoon of baking soda in a glass of water when I get heartburn.” The nurse suggests that the client use an antacid preparation that contains aluminum hydroxide and magnesium such as MAALOX. This response is based on the fact that antacids:
a. Contain little if any sodium
b. Are readily absorbed by the stomach mucosa
c. Have no direct effect on systemic acid-base balance when taken as directed
d. Causes few side effects such as diarrhea or constipation when they are used properly.